Tag: energy sector reforms

  • Pakistan to receive $1.5 billion from international lenders following IMF approval

    Pakistan to receive $1.5 billion from international lenders following IMF approval

    Pakistan is poised to secure funds amounting to $1.5 billion from global lenders, contingent on the approval of the loan tranche under the $3 billion Stand-By Arrangement (SBA) by the International Monetary Fund (IMF), as highlighted by Dr Shamshad Akhtar, the caretaker finance minister, in a recent interview with a local news channel.

    It’s noteworthy that the IMF granted preliminary approval on November 15, 2023, for the disbursement of the upcoming loan tranche within the programme.

    Upon receiving approval, Pakistan will gain access to SDR 528 million, equivalent to approximately $700 million. This will contribute to the cumulative disbursements under the program reaching almost $1.9 billion.

    The agreement underscores the authorities’ commitment to advancing planned fiscal consolidation, expediting cost-reducing reforms in the energy sector, completing the transition to a market-determined exchange rate, and pursuing reforms in state-owned enterprises and governance.

    These measures aim to attract investment, support job creation, and simultaneously enhance social assistance.

    Nathan Porter remarked, “Anchored by the stabilization policies under the SBA, a nascent recovery is underway, supported by international partners and indications of improved confidence.”

    He added that the steadfast execution of the FY24 budget, ongoing adjustments of energy prices, and renewed inflows into the foreign exchange (FX) market have alleviated fiscal and external pressures.

  • IMF recommends gas price hike, subsidy cuts for Pakistan

    IMF recommends gas price hike, subsidy cuts for Pakistan

    The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has reportedly urged Pakistan to address the growing concerns surrounding the power sector’s circular debt, which now stands at 4 per cent of the gross domestic product (GDP).

    Despite initial targets for debt reduction not being met, the IMF has not yet made a final decision on its recommendations.

    Sources suggest that the IMF is advocating for an additional hike in gas prices and a reduction in energy sector subsidies, aligning with its persistent calls for such measures.

    It’s noteworthy that no official decision has been reached on these proposals. Simultaneously, Pakistan and the IMF have collaborated on a comprehensive privatisation plan, focusing on state-owned entities (SOEs) that have incurred significant losses.

    This strategic move aims to address the financial challenges faced by these institutions. The Central Monitoring Unit will meticulously evaluate the extent of losses, with findings submitted to the IMF.

    A crucial aspect of the privatization plan involves transferring control of power distribution companies to the private sector. This shift is expected to mitigate losses and improve efficiency in the power sector, aligning with the IMF’s overarching demand for comprehensive reforms in the energy sector.

  • Govt plans to increase gas and electricity prices in January

    Govt plans to increase gas and electricity prices in January

    The interim Finance Minister, Dr Shamshad Akhtar, announced during a press conference that the caretaker government is planning to increase electricity and gas tariffs in January to address the circular debt issue, in line with the International Monetary Fund’s (IMF) Stand-By Arrangement (SBA). 

    The circular debt in the power and gas sectors, currently exceeding 4 per cent of the Gross Domestic Product, requires urgent action for reduction. 

    Dr Akhtar also discussed tariff revisions with the IMF and the potential imposition of additional taxes on sectors like real estate and retail, emphasizing that final decisions are pending. 

    She highlighted the necessity for a new short-term IMF program and anticipated a medium-term program under the Extended Fund Facility (EFF) after the SBA concludes. 

    Regarding the external financing gap, Finance Secretary Imdad Bosal expressed optimism that a successful IMF review would unlock programme and project loans from multilateral lenders. 

    He anticipated approvals in December for loans from the World Bank, Asian Development Bank, Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, and Islamic Development Bank. 

    Bosal assured that there is no external financing gap, and the improved ratings post-review would attract foreign loans. 

    Dr Akhtar stated that the World Bank is expected to disburse $2 billion during the current fiscal year, contributing to foreign exchange reserves along with the $700 million tranche approval from the IMF, bringing the total disbursement under the SBA to $1.9 billion out of $3 billion. 

    The approval for the second tranche from the IMF’s Executive Board is anticipated within a month.

  • Nepra approves Rs1.46 per unit fuel charge adjustment

    Nepra approves Rs1.46 per unit fuel charge adjustment

    In the midst of widespread protests over surging electricity bills in Pakistan, the National Electric Power Regulatory Authority (Nepra) has taken a significant step.

    They have given the green light for power distribution companies to impose an additional charge of Rs1.46 per unit on consumers in the form of a fuel charge adjustment (FCA) for the month of July.

    This decision, rooted in the Regulation of Generation, Transmission, and Distribution of Electric Power Act of 1997, comes as an attempt to address financial challenges in the power sector.

    The FCA, however, excludes electric vehicle charging stations (EVCS) and lifeline consumers. This means that this adjustment will be itemised separately on consumers’ bills based on their electricity usage in July 2023. The billing for this adjustment is scheduled for September 2023.

    The background to this move involves costly imported coal inventory held by coal-based power plants, particularly the Sahiwal coal power plant, and limitations in the power transmission system. The latter includes issues such as the HVDC transmission line’s inability to efficiently transport cost-effective power from southern generators. These factors have placed a considerable financial burden on power consumers.

    This tariff increase compounds the woes of consumers, who are already grappling with record inflation, high fuel prices, and elevated electricity rates. As a result, consumers are expected to bear a cumulative burden of Rs24.76 billion in their September 2023 bills due to over 14 billion units sold in July.

    In response to public protests and growing dissatisfaction, the interim government, led by Prime Minister Anwaar-ul-Haq Kakar, has sought assistance from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to provide immediate relief to electricity consumers.

    According to Geo News, Pakistan is under an IMF programme, making any relief or subsidy contingent upon IMF approval. Negotiations between the government and the IMF have been intense, resulting in some relief for consumers using up to 200 units, allowing them to pay electricity bills in installments.

    However, the IMF rejected the government’s plan to provide relief to those consuming up to 400 units of electricity per month, which could have benefited 32 million consumers. Instead, the IMF stressed the need to address electricity and gas theft and improve revenue collection.

    Furthermore, the IMF has proposed a 45 to 50 per cent increase in gas tariffs starting July 1, pending approval by the federal cabinet. These developments reflect a challenging situation in Pakistan’s energy sector as the government grapples with the need for reform amid rising consumer discontent.

  • IMF’s $3 billion stand-by arrangement expected to bolster Pakistan’s economy and restore investor confidence

    IMF’s $3 billion stand-by arrangement expected to bolster Pakistan’s economy and restore investor confidence

    Pakistan and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) have achieved a significant milestone with the announcement of a staff-level agreement (SLA) on a $3 billion stand-by arrangement (SBA).

    Nathan Porter, the IMF’s Mission Chief to Pakistan, expressed his satisfaction, stating that the IMF team has reached a staff-level agreement with the Pakistani authorities on a nine-month Stand-by Arrangement (SBA) in the amount of SDR2,250 million (about $3 billion or 111 per cent of Pakistan’s IMF quota).

    The Pakistani economy has been facing multiple challenges since the completion of the seventh and eighth reviews under the 2019 Extended Fund Facility (EFF) in August 2022. The country has experienced external shocks, including devastating floods in 2022 that affected millions of Pakistanis, as well as a surge in international commodity prices due to the conflict in Ukraine involving Russia.

    These shocks, combined with certain policy missteps such as constraints on the foreign exchange market, have resulted in a stagnant economic growth rate. Furthermore, inflation, particularly for essential items, has risen significantly.

    Despite the authorities’ efforts to reduce imports and the trade deficit, foreign reserves have declined to alarmingly low levels. The power sector is also facing liquidity issues, with mounting arrears (circular debt) and frequent load shedding.

    The newly established stand-by arrangement (SBA) will serve as a critical support mechanism for the Pakistani government in stabilising the economy and mitigating the impact of recent external shocks. It aims to maintain macroeconomic stability while providing a framework for financial assistance from both multilateral and bilateral partners.

    The $3 billion funding for a duration of nine months has exceeded expectations and will contribute to restoring investor confidence. The uncertainty surrounding the upcoming change in government after June 2023 has been alleviated to a considerable extent. The agreement also opens avenues for social and development spending by improving domestic revenue generation and ensuring careful execution of expenditures to address the needs of the Pakistani people.

    The successful implementation of steadfast policies is paramount for Pakistan to overcome its current challenges. This includes demonstrating greater fiscal discipline, adopting a market-determined exchange rate to absorb external pressures, and making further progress on reforms, particularly in the energy sector, to enhance climate resilience and improve the business climate.

    Given the formidable obstacles faced by Pakistan, the newly established stand-by arrangement (SBA) serves as both a policy anchor and a platform for financial support from multilateral and bilateral partners in the foreseeable future.

  • ADB recommends targeted subsidies and tax reforms for Pakistan’s economic recovery

    ADB recommends targeted subsidies and tax reforms for Pakistan’s economic recovery

    The Asian Development Bank (ADB) has recommended that Pakistan implement targeted subsidies to alleviate inflationary pressures and improve the tax-to-GDP ratio in order to emerge from the current state of economic uncertainty.

    Yevgeniy Zhukov, Director General of the Central and West Asia Department, and Yong Ye, Country Director of the Pakistan Resident Mission, emphasised the significance of targeted subsidies to help the most vulnerable segments of society, as well as the mobilization of domestic resources to bolster the national economy. They also suggested strengthening the Benazir Income Support Programme (BISP) and improving its verification process to ensure that the assistance reaches only those who require it.

    Zhukov noted that the ADB has been providing financial assistance to the government to strengthen social security through the BISP programme since 2016. The ADB has provided $600 million in conditional cash transfers for health and education since 2021, and an additional $1.5 billion under the Countercyclical Support Facility.

    A significant portion of this funding will be directed to the BISP to provide necessary assistance to those most affected by ongoing difficulties. Zhukov further suggested that Pakistan should improve its revenue collection, as its tax-to-GDP ratio of 10 per cent is one of the lowest in the region. He cautioned that if the government is only collecting 10 per cent, it may not have adequate resources to provide support and boost income.

    Yong Ye indicated that the ADB, World Bank, European Union, and United Nations had pledged assistance to Pakistan after devastating floods last year, and a second meeting of the Geneva conference was scheduled to take place soon to discuss progress. Zhukov expressed sympathies for flood victims and stated that the ADB had approved a $1.5 billion programme for Pakistan before the floods to address the negative impact of the Russia-Ukraine war on the country’s economy, which was then repurposed to provide social protection for the flood-affected people.

    The ADB has approved additional emergency assistance, including a $175 million loan and $5 million in grants, to rehabilitate damaged infrastructure and develop a stronger infrastructure that can withstand future floods. The bank is working with Pakistan and other partners, such as the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, to introduce important structural reforms in public finance management, domestic resource mobilization, and energy sector reforms. The ADB is committed to collaborating with its partners and the Pakistani government to ensure that the reform agenda is advanced.